{"id":46021,"date":"2019-08-15T23:34:35","date_gmt":"2019-08-15T20:34:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/?p=46021"},"modified":"2019-08-15T23:34:35","modified_gmt":"2019-08-15T20:34:35","slug":"hyperledger-caliper-to-provide-benchmarking-for-blockchain-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledger-caliper-to-provide-benchmarking-for-blockchain-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Hyperledger Caliper to Provide Benchmarking for Blockchain Systems"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledger-caliper-to-provide-benchmarking-for-blockchain-systems\/#The_need_for_a_standard\" >The need for a standard<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledger-caliper-to-provide-benchmarking-for-blockchain-systems\/#What_is_Caliper\" >What is Caliper?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledger-caliper-to-provide-benchmarking-for-blockchain-systems\/#How_it_works\" >How it works<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledger-caliper-to-provide-benchmarking-for-blockchain-systems\/#The_roadmap_for_Caliper\" >The roadmap for Caliper<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledger-caliper-to-provide-benchmarking-for-blockchain-systems\/#Want_details_Watch_the_video\" >Want details? Watch the video!<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledger-caliper-to-provide-benchmarking-for-blockchain-systems\/#About_the_expert\" >About the expert<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_need_for_a_standard\"><\/span>The need for a standard<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Performance tests are essential for gathering and measuring metrics of any application. When it comes to blockchain, there are quite a few benchmarking tools that already exist, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ooibc88\/blockbench\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">BlockBench<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/hyperledger\/fabric-test\/tree\/master\/tools\/PTE\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Performance Traffic Engine<\/a>, but most of these provide limited support.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Hyperledger-Caliper-Logo.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Hyperledger-Caliper-Logo.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-46024\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This lack of a standard benchmark solution for blockchain applications is the problem <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hyperledger.org\/usecaliper\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Caliper<\/a>, a Hyperledger incubation project, is trying to resolve. The tool was initially contributed by developers from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/huawei-caas-deploys-4500-apps-with-cloud-foundry\/\">Huawei<\/a>, Hyperchain, Oracle, Bitwise, Soramitsu, IBM, and the Budapest University of Technology and Economics.<\/p>\n<p>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/nick-lincoln-1223792a\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Nick Lincoln<\/a> of IBM, who provided an overview of Caliper at the Consensus 2019 conference this May, the framework is fit for comparative testing of blockchain offerings out there.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Hyperledger Caliper is a performance benchmark framework for blockchains. We&#8217;re looking at testing different blockchain solutions with predefined use cases. We&#8217;ve designed this specifically for comparative performance studies across different blockchain technologies.&#8221;<br \/>\n\u2014Nick Lincoln, IBM<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Caliper\"><\/span>What is Caliper?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>One of the primary goals of <a href=\"https:\/\/hyperledger.github.io\/caliper\/docs\/1_Getting_Started.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Caliper<\/a> is to provide performance results that can be used by other Hyperledger projects, as well as non-ecosystem ones, as reference points when implementing blockchain solutions. The project was initially developed by Huawei and was <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1cwScsNgYUj72vP2fqZ6vihYiuQcy45Ml2C_yLRI7EoQ\/edit\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">proposed<\/a> to Hyperledger early in 2018. It was later <a href=\"https:\/\/lists.hyperledger.org\/g\/tsc\/message\/1422\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">accepted<\/a> and placed into incubation on March 15, 2018.<\/p>\n<p>Based on its documentation, Caliper is ideal for:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>application developers wanting to run performance tests for their smart contracts<\/li>\n<li>system architects wanting to investigate resource constraints during test loads<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><center><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Hyperledger-Caliper-Architecture.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Hyperledger-Caliper-Architecture.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-46032\" \/><\/a><small>A benchmarking layer introduced with Caliper (<a href=\"https:\/\/hyperledger.github.io\/caliper\/docs\/2_Architecture.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Image credit<\/a>)<\/small><\/center><\/p>\n<p>At present, Caliper supports <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledger-fabric-v1-2-whats-new-and-roadmap-for-2018\/\">Fabric<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledgers-sawtooth-lake-aims-at-a-thousand-transactions-per-second\/\">Sawtooth<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/the-iroha-project-to-bring-mobility-to-blockchain-with-simple-apis\/\">Iroha<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledger-incubation-burrow-integrates-permissioned-ethereum-virtual-machine\/\">Burrow<\/a>, as well as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledgers-fabric-composer-simplifies-business-network-modeling-on-blockchain\/\">Composer<\/a>. The benchmark framework currently provides the following performance indicators:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>success rate<\/li>\n<li>transaction\/read throughput<\/li>\n<li>transaction\/read latency<\/li>\n<li>resource consumption<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nick emphasized that Caliper not only supports existing Hyperledger solutions, but also non-Hyperledger blockchain technologies.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;We have an open pull request for an Ethereum adaptor. Additionally, Sawtooth itself contains an EVM, which means you can run Ethereum inside Sawtooth. We have have adaptors for all the Hyperledger components. We have an interface that you can follow to provide your own adaptor for any other system. We also give you a CLI package for convenience in running benchmarks. We&#8217;re trying to make it as easy as possible to test different blockchain systems and get some performance metrics out of them.&#8221;<br \/>\n\u2014Nick Lincoln, IBM<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_it_works\"><\/span>How it works<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>To better understand how Caliper works, we can reference its benchmark architecture. Starting off, a user will have to define configuration files, which include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A <strong>benchmark<\/strong> file defining the arguments of a benchmark workload<\/li>\n<li>A <strong>blockchain<\/strong> file specifying the necessary information, which helps to interact with the system being tested<\/li>\n<li><strong>Smart contracts<\/strong> defining what contracts are going to be deployed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><center><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Hyperledger-Caliper-Flow.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Hyperledger-Caliper-Flow.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-46043\" \/><\/a><small>The workflows inside Caliper&#8217;s architecture (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=2GVUdENhkKw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Image credit<\/a>)<\/small><\/center><\/p>\n<p>These configuration files are then fed to the Caliper CLI. This creates an admin client and a client factory. The admin client is considered the superuser.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;The admin client feeds through an adaptor. If you&#8217;re using Fabric, it goes through the Fabric adaptor. If you&#8217;re using Sawtooth, it goes through the Sawtooth adaptor. If you&#8217;re testing your own system, it will go through your own adaptor. This defines the system under test.&#8221;<br \/>\n\u2014Nick Lincoln, IBM<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>On the other hand, the client factory creates clients responsible for running test loads. Depending on a benchmark file, the clients could be transacting with the system to add assets or to query. The clients also drive through a rate controller, which dictates the rate of transactions per second (TPS).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;We have a modulized rate controller, which means there are multiple rate controllers you can use. You might want to drive at a steady rate\u201450 TPS, 150 TPS, or 1000 TPS. You might want to ramp the rate. We have controllers that do that, as well. You might just want to load the system and see what happens. You can drive this with a certain number of pending transactions per client. This tests the limit of the system.&#8221; \u2014Nick Lincoln, IBM<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>During a test, all transactions are saved. The statistics of these transactions are recorded and collated. In addition, a resource monitor also records the consumption of resources. All of this data is pooled together into a single report.<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Hyperledger-Caliper-Reports.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Hyperledger-Caliper-Reports-1024x469.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-46049\" \/><\/a><small>An example of a Hyperledger Caliper report (<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/hyperledger\/caliper\/issues\/333\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Image credit<\/a>)<\/small><\/center><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;There&#8217;s quite a simple flow throughout where we take the configuration files, pass them into Caliper, and we set up the system. The clients are driving it, collecting all of this information, and publishing a report.&#8221; \u2014Nick Lincoln, IBM<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_roadmap_for_Caliper\"><\/span>The roadmap for Caliper<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Caliper is still in the incubation stage of the Hyperledger Project\u2014it is currently in the beta phase of development. Some of the milestones for a release candidate include creating adaptors for Corda, Quorom, and Ethereum, as well as designing enhanced use cases and metrics. The release candidate is expected to be delivered this fall.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;The idea is to have the same use case for each benchmark. It needs to be an apples-to-apples comparison. You should be able to run a use case on one system, run the same use case on another system, and then you have a realistic comparison.&#8221; \u2014Nick Lincoln, IBM<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><center><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Hyperledger-Caliper-Roadmap.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Hyperledger-Caliper-Roadmap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-46044\" \/><\/a><small>Hyperledger Caliper&#8217;s roadmap for 2019 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=2GVUdENhkKw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Image credit<\/a>)<\/small><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Caliper\u2019s development can be tracked in its <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/hyperledger\/caliper\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">GitHub repository<\/a>. Anyone looking to contribute can join the Hyperledger <a href=\"https:\/\/lists.hyperledger.org\/g\/caliper\/topics\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">mailing list<\/a>, as well as the <a href=\"https:\/\/chat.hyperledger.org\/channel\/caliper\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">chat channel<\/a>. There is also a regular <a href=\"https:\/\/zoom.us\/my\/hyperledger.community\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">community call<\/a> every Wednesday at 9 a.m. (UTC).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Want_details_Watch_the_video\"><\/span>Want details? Watch the video!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><small>In this video, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/nick-lincoln-1223792a\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Nick Lincoln<\/a> of IBM provides an overview of Caliper, describing the project&#8217;s architecture and explaining how it works.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><center><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2GVUdENhkKw\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n<small>You can also read about other Hyperledger projects:<\/small><\/p>\n<p><center><small><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledgers-sawtooth-lake-aims-at-a-thousand-transactions-per-second\/\">Sawtooth<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledger-incubates-the-indy-project-to-address-identity-management\/\">Indy<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledger-fabric-v1-2-whats-new-and-roadmap-for-2018\/\">Fabric<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/the-iroha-project-to-bring-mobility-to-blockchain-with-simple-apis\/\">Iroha<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledger-aries-to-enable-blockchain-agnostic-self-sovereign-identity\/\">Aries<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledger-grid-to-aid-supply-chains-with-blockchain-components\/\">Grid<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledgers-fabric-composer-simplifies-business-network-modeling-on-blockchain\/\">Composer<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledger-incubation-burrow-integrates-permissioned-ethereum-virtual-machine\/\">Burrow<\/a><\/small><\/center><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_the_expert\"><\/span>About the expert<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div>\n<div style=\"float: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/nick-lincoln-1223792a\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Nick-Lincoln-IBM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"130\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-46037\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"width: 600px;\"><small><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/nick-lincoln-1223792a\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Nick Lincoln<\/a> is Blockchain Developer at IBM. He is a highly motivated and driven individual with an academic background following a first-class masters degree in aerospace engineering and a PhD in autonomous spacecraft systems. Nick is also a prolific inventor, having filed 26 patents to protect intellectual property during a relatively short time at IBM in areas including augmented reality, cloud computing, the Internet of Things, mobile, and user experience.<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<p><center><small>The post was written by Carlo Gutierrez, edited by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/author\/sophie-turol\/\">Sophia Turol<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/author\/alex\/\">Alex Khizhniak<\/a>.<\/small><\/center><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The need for a standard<\/p>\n<p>Performance tests are essential for gathering and measuring metrics of any application. When it comes to blockchain, there are quite a few benchmarking tools that already exist, such as BlockBench and Performance Traffic Engine, but most of these provide limited support.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>This lack of a standard benchmark [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":46062,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[214],"tags":[672,753],"class_list":["post-46021","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tutorials","tag-blockchain","tag-hyperledger"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hyperledger Caliper to Provide Benchmarking for Blockchain Systems | Altoros<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The new framework is designed for comparative performance testing of different blockchain solutions with predefined use cases.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledger-caliper-to-provide-benchmarking-for-blockchain-systems\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hyperledger Caliper to Provide Benchmarking for Blockchain Systems | Altoros\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The need for a standard Performance tests are essential for gathering and measuring metrics of any application. When it comes to blockchain, there are quite a few benchmarking tools that already exist, such as BlockBench and Performance Traffic Engine, but most of these provide limited support. 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