{"id":33817,"date":"2018-06-22T15:06:43","date_gmt":"2018-06-22T12:06:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/?p=33817"},"modified":"2018-07-17T17:20:47","modified_gmt":"2018-07-17T14:20:47","slug":"what-it-takes-to-build-and-train-neural-networks-for-autonomous-vehicles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/what-it-takes-to-build-and-train-neural-networks-for-autonomous-vehicles\/","title":{"rendered":"What It Takes to Build and Train Neural Networks for Autonomous Vehicles"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/what-it-takes-to-build-and-train-neural-networks-for-autonomous-vehicles\/#Why_building_a_safe_autonomous_car_is_a_challenge\" >Why building a safe autonomous car is a challenge<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/what-it-takes-to-build-and-train-neural-networks-for-autonomous-vehicles\/#Extensive_computing_powers_needed\" >Extensive computing powers needed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/what-it-takes-to-build-and-train-neural-networks-for-autonomous-vehicles\/#Gather_the_right_tools\" >Gather the right tools<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/what-it-takes-to-build-and-train-neural-networks-for-autonomous-vehicles\/#The_race_to_safe_autonomous_driving\" >The race to safe autonomous driving<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/what-it-takes-to-build-and-train-neural-networks-for-autonomous-vehicles\/#Want_details_Watch_the_video\" >Want details? Watch the video!<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/what-it-takes-to-build-and-train-neural-networks-for-autonomous-vehicles\/#Further_reading\" >Further reading<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/what-it-takes-to-build-and-train-neural-networks-for-autonomous-vehicles\/#About_the_expert\" >About the expert<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_building_a_safe_autonomous_car_is_a_challenge\"><\/span>Why building a safe autonomous car is a challenge<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In 2015, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration revealed a staggering statistic\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov\/Api\/Public\/ViewPublication\/812115\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">94% of vehicle accidents<\/a> were caused by human error. This has become another driver for using artificial intelligence in the development of safe autonomous vehicles.<\/p>\n<p>Under the hood of self-driving vehicles are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/introduction-to-neural-networks-and-metaframeworks-with-tensorflow\/\">neural networks<\/a>, which high accuracy is critical as otherwise it may result in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2018\/mar\/19\/uber-self-driving-car-kills-woman-arizona-tempe\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">dire consequences<\/a>. Building and training neural networks to achieve the desired accuracy is anything but a simple task.<\/p>\n<p>First, neural networks have to be trained on a representative data set. In its turn, a data set must comprise a sufficient amount of any possible driving, weather, and simulation patterns. As one may guess, this means petabytes of data\u2014and it yet has to be collected. Here comes the trouble of developing an extensive data set as no one will do it for you or share priceless information for free. Surely, there are some data collections available publicly, however, they may not be enough or may not cater for your needs.<\/p>\n<p>Another question is how much data makes the game worth playing?<\/p>\n<p>Aside from data troubles, the complexity of the neural networks themselves is back on the agenda. To train on huge data sets, learn from them, and be aware of the gained experience, neural networks need to have a sufficient number of parameters. A compromise for complying with this requirement is a sophisticated network architecture.<\/p>\n<p>On top of these all, one needs comprehensive computational powers to enable training. Additional engineering challenge pops up when you scale the size of a data set by a factor of <i>n<\/i>, the computational powers need to be scaled by a factor of <i>n&sup2;<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>At a recent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.meetup.com\/ru-RU\/TensorFlow-London\/events\/250536941\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">TensorFlow meetup<\/a> in London, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/adamgrzywaczewski\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Adam Grzywaczewski<\/a> of NVIDIA delved into the challenges of building and training neural networks for self-driving vehicles and outlined the approaches to tackle the issues.<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/TensorFlow-Deep-Learning-Artificial-Intelligence-Machine-Learning-Adam-Grzywaczewski.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/TensorFlow-Deep-Learning-Artificial-Intelligence-Machine-Learning-Adam-Grzywaczewski.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33840\" \/><\/a><small>Adam Grzywaczewski at the TensorFlow meetup in London (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tUlnxHq3s18&#038;feature=youtu.be\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Image credit<\/a>)<\/small><\/center><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>&#8220;For the first time in human history, we have a tool that\u2014given enough data\u2014can achieve an arbitrary accuracy to solve almost any problem. It makes complex problems easy, and it makes impossible problems just expensive.&#8221; \u2014Adam Grzywaczewski, NVIDIA<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Extensive_computing_powers_needed\"><\/span>Extensive computing powers needed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In creating a machine learning model, it is important to first know how much data is needed. This amount can be estimated by the following three steps:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>set a minimum viable accuracy<\/li>\n<li>conduct experiments with varying data sets<\/li>\n<li>interpolate how much data is needed to achieve target accuracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><center><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/TensorFlow-Deep-Learning-Artificial-Intelligence-Machine-Learning-interpolating-data.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/TensorFlow-Deep-Learning-Artificial-Intelligence-Machine-Learning-interpolating-data.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33944\" \/><\/a><small>The size of a data set has a direct impact on the accuracy (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tUlnxHq3s18&#038;feature=youtu.be\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Image credit<\/a>)<\/small><\/center><\/p>\n<p>This increase in performance scales logarithmically, so while you may not need a comprehensive data set to achieve 80\u201390% accuracy, you will definitely require a large data set to reach near perfect accuracy. This is the primary reason why automotive manufacturers are investing heavily in the race to develop safe and secure self-driving vehicles.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>&#8220;99.99% accuracy is expensive, but it is important in some cases. We want self-driving cars to be robust and not harm people.&#8221; \u2014Adam Grzywaczewski, NVIDIA<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Once the amount of data needed is known, the infrastructure and time needed to process the necessary data sets can be estimated. Adam theorized a scenario where NVIDIA&#8217;s DGX-1 systems are used to process the data collected from 100 vehicles.<\/p>\n<p>In this scenario, each vehicle in the fleet has multiple sensors to collect data. Under the assumption that each vehicle will generate 1+ TB of data per hour and will do so for 8 hours a day during a 260-day work year, the raw data collected from the entire fleet will amount to 204.8 petabytes. Once preprocessed, the total data may be reduced to 104 terabytes.<\/p>\n<p>Using the DGX-1 as a constant, the difference in training time using different machine learning models can be seen. In this case, using a single DGX-1 system, training time would take 166 days, 113 days, and 21 days on the Inception V3, ResNet 50, and AlexNet models, respectively.<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/TensorFlow-Deep-Learning-Artificial-Intelligence-Machine-Learning-autonomous-driving-estimate-table.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/TensorFlow-Deep-Learning-Artificial-Intelligence-Machine-Learning-autonomous-driving-estimate-table.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33871\" \/><\/a><small>A single GPU isn&#8217;t enough to reach the target training time (<a href=\"https:\/\/developer.nvidia.com\/blog\/training-self-driving-vehicles-challenge-scale\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Image credit<\/a>)<\/small><\/center><\/p>\n<p>It is important to note here that simply adding another DGX-1 system does not reduce training time by 50%. Computing power simply does not scale linearly with the number of the processors involved. In the exemplified scenario, shortening the training time to the seven-day target would require 142 systems for Inception V3, 97 for ResNet 50, and 18 for AlexNet.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gather_the_right_tools\"><\/span>Gather the right tools<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>After establishing a baseline, the next step involves procuring hardware, software, algorithms, and people. Of these four, hardware is the most trivial as there are multiple vendors on the market. Even so, there are some important points to follow:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The CPUs and memory should be able to keep up with GPUs to minimize GPU idle time.<\/li>\n<li>One should ensure enough storage space to continuously feed data into GPUs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><center><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/NVLink-topology-of-dgx-1-with-volta-gpus-builing-and-training-neural-networks-for-autonomous-vehicles.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/NVLink-topology-of-dgx-1-with-volta-gpus-builing-and-training-neural-networks-for-autonomous-vehicles.png\" alt=\"\" height=\"360\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-34321\" \/><\/a><small>The NVLink topology of DGX-1 with Volta GPUs (<a href=\"https:\/\/developer.nvidia.com\/blog\/training-self-driving-vehicles-challenge-scale\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Image credit<\/a>)<\/small><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Next is choosing which software and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/ml-toolkit-for-tensorflow-out-of-the-box-algorithms-to-boost-training-data-by-50x\/\">algorithm<\/a> to deploy. While any deep learning framework deployed will be able to process data, different frameworks will have varying rates of improvement. To minimize the need for maintenance and optimization, Adam suggested trying out a couple of tools:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 6px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.nvidia.com\/deeplearning\/frameworks\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Deep learning containers<\/a> to simplify the deployment of GPU-based applications. These frameworks are updated on a monthly basis.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1802.05799.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Horovod<\/a>, which is a distributed deep learning training framework for TensorFlow. It <a href=\"https:\/\/eng.uber.com\/horovod\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">was developed<\/a> by Uber under a research on self-driving solutions and was then <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/horovod\/horovod\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">open-sourced<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p><em>&#8220;It makes a difference how you build your deep learning frameworks. It also makes a difference how you build your optimization process. Doing it incorrectly leads to a dramatic degradation in performance.&#8221; \u2014Adam Grzywaczewski, NVIDIA<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Finally, in any deployment, you need people who are passionate about the project. You can also check out Adam&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/developer.nvidia.com\/blog\/training-self-driving-vehicles-challenge-scale\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">blog post<\/a> with further investigation into the topic.<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/stages-of-automotive-artificial-intelligence-model-development-and-test-neural-networks.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/stages-of-automotive-artificial-intelligence-model-development-and-test-neural-networks-1024x624.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-34329\" \/><\/a><small>The scaling of an artificial intelligence model at different stages of development and tests (<a href=\"https:\/\/developer.nvidia.com\/blog\/training-self-driving-vehicles-challenge-scale\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Image credit<\/a>)<\/small><\/center><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_race_to_safe_autonomous_driving\"><\/span>The race to safe autonomous driving<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Despite the difficulties involved in the development of autonomous vehicles, several organizations are funneling vast amounts of resources to create a truly safe model. <a href=\"https:\/\/waymo.com\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Waymo<\/a>, the Google&#8217;s subsidiary focused on autonomous driving, began development in 2009. For the last nine years, the company has been collecting data from its self-driving cars located in 20 different cities in the United States.<\/p>\n<p>Waymo has now amassed over <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Sw3Y0ftBsFA?t=510\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">7 million miles<\/a> worth of self-driven data in addition to over <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/waymo\/waymo-reaches-5-million-self-driven-miles-61fba590fafe\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">2.7 billion miles<\/a> of simulated driving data gathered in 2017. Despite all this, over 25,000 autonomous miles are driven and collected every week to continuously improve its driverless vehicles.<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/TensorFlow-Deep-Learning-Artificial-Intelligence-Machine-Learning-Waymo-360-sensors.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/TensorFlow-Deep-Learning-Artificial-Intelligence-Machine-Learning-Waymo-360-sensors.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-34125\" \/><\/a><small>A Waymo autonomous vehicle sees 360\u00b0 up to three football fields away (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=B8R148hFxPw\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Image credit<\/a>)<\/small><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Apple and Volkswagen are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.macworld.co.uk\/news\/apple-car-release-date-3425394\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">teaming up<\/a> to create self-driving shuttles for their workers. Apple has been testing its fleet of 62 autonomous cars in California since April 2017. Honda is also relying on artificial intelligence to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/honda-improves-the-safety-of-connected-cars-with-ibm-bluemix-watson\/\">improve car safety<\/a>. Yet, another example is Mercedes-Benz \/ Daimler, who set the goal to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/a-car-app-in-6-months-mercedes-benz-daimler-gains-pace-with-cloud-foundry\/\">deliver<\/a> emission-free, self-driving, and connected vehicles by 2020.<\/p>\n<p>Heavily driven by the automotive industry, artificial intelligence is evolving, with more and more tools and platforms appearing each year. At the same time, the question of safety stays relevant. To achieve it, car manufactures will need even more computational resources than they are using today.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Want_details_Watch_the_video\"><\/span>Want details? Watch the video!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div style=\"float:right; width:50%; padding-left:15px; font-size:14px;\">\n<strong>Table of contents<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 18px;\">An introduction to neural networks (0:55)<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 18px;\">Why did neural networks perform poorly previously? (3:25)<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 18px;\">How much computing power do we have today? (4:30)<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 18px;\">What is the relationship between data and accuracy? (7:20)<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 18px;\">How much data is required? (12:40)<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 18px;\">An example infrastructure for autonomous driving (14:15)<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 18px;\">What is needed to shorten machine learning iteration time? (16:00)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"video-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"TensorFlow London: NVIDIA &#039;Deep Learning and challenges of scale&#039;\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tUlnxHq3s18?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Further_reading\"><\/span>Further reading<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/automotive-insurance-with-tensorflow-estimating-damage-and-repair-costs\/\">Automotive Insurance with TensorFlow: Estimating Damage \/ Repair Costs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/using-machine-learning-and-tensorflow-to-recognize-traffic-signs\/\">Using Machine Learning and TensorFlow to Recognize Traffic Signs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/research-papers\/performance-of-distributed-tensorflow-a-multi-node-and-multi-gpu-configuration\/\">Performance of Distributed TensorFlow: A Multi-Node and Multi-GPU Configuration<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_the_expert\"><\/span>About the expert<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div>\n<div style=\"float: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/adamgrzywaczewski\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Adam-Grzywaczewski-nvidia-bio.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33859\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"width: 600px;\"><small><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/adamgrzywaczewski\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Adam Grzywaczewski<\/a> is a deep learning solution architect at NVIDIA. His primary responsibility is to support a wide range of customers in delivery of their deep learning solutions. Adam is an applied research scientist, specializing in machine learning with a background in deep learning and system architecture. Previously, he was responsible for building up the UK government\u2019s machine learning capabilities while at Capgemini. Adam also worked in the Jaguar Land Rover Research Centre, where he was responsible for a variety of internal and external projects and contributed to the self-learning car portfolio.<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p><center><small>This blog post was written by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/author\/carlo\/\">Carlo Gutierrez<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/author\/sophie.turol\/\">Sophie Turol<\/a> with assistance from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/author\/alex\/\">Alex Khizhniak<\/a>.<\/small><\/center><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why building a safe autonomous car is a challenge<\/p>\n<p>In 2015, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration revealed a staggering statistic\u201494% of vehicle accidents were caused by human error. This has become another driver for using artificial intelligence in the development of safe autonomous vehicles.<\/p>\n<p>Under the hood of self-driving vehicles are [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":34332,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[883,748,749],"class_list":["post-33817","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-and-opinion","tag-automotive","tag-machine-learning","tag-tensorflow"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What It Takes to Build and Train Neural Networks for Autonomous Vehicles | Altoros<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This blog post explores how much data and what computational powers are needed to reach a sufficient accuracy of a machine learning model.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/what-it-takes-to-build-and-train-neural-networks-for-autonomous-vehicles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What It Takes to Build and Train Neural Networks for Autonomous Vehicles | Altoros\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Why building a safe autonomous car is a challenge In 2015, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration revealed a staggering statistic\u201494% of vehicle accidents were caused by human error. This has become another driver for using artificial intelligence in the development of safe autonomous vehicles. 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