{"id":13355,"date":"2016-04-12T09:29:43","date_gmt":"2016-04-12T06:29:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/?p=13355"},"modified":"2019-06-01T05:10:56","modified_gmt":"2019-06-01T02:10:56","slug":"technical-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/technical-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric\/","title":{"rendered":"Technical Introduction to Hyperledger Fabric"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/technical-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric\/#Open_Blockchain_background\" >Open Blockchain: background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/technical-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric\/#Why_Hyperledger_and_not_Ethereum\" >Why Hyperledger and not Ethereum?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/technical-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric\/#How_Hyperledger_Fabric_works\" >How Hyperledger Fabric works<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/technical-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric\/#Peer_discovery\" >Peer discovery<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/technical-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric\/#Want_details_Watch_the_video\" >Want details? Watch the video!<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/technical-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric\/#Further_reading\" >Further reading<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Open_Blockchain_background\"><\/span>Open Blockchain: background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hyperledger.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hyperledger<\/a> is a secure, open-source, automated, peer-to-peer, blockchain-based ledger system with potential in dozens (perhaps hundreds) of use cases. It was launched under the governance of the Linux Foundation in December 2015. IBM\u2019s Open Blockchain (OBC) looks to be a key component of the project, according to presentations at a recent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.meetup.com\/Hyperledger-NYC\/events\/229728822\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hyperledger meetup<\/a> in New York.<\/p>\n<p>Open Blockchain was recently open-sourced and forms a core part of the proposed Hyperledger incubation. This part is now called Fabric and <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/hyperledger\/fabric\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">available<\/a> at GitHub. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/digital-asset-contributes-an-enterprise-blockchain-server-to-hyperledger\/\">Digital Asset Holdings<\/a> (DAH) and Blockstream have also made contributions to the project.<\/p>\n<p>The meetup in NYC included a technical introduction to Hyperledger Fabric (ex-Open Blockchain), with Renat Khasanshyn and Sergey Matykevich of Altoros addressing specific aspects of the framework.<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/technical-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric-matykevich.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/technical-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric-matykevich-1024x596.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-43713\" \/><\/a><small>The audience at the Hyperledger meetup in NY<\/small><\/center><\/p>\n<p>The city was also the site of a recent Hyperledger face-to-face (F2F) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledger-technical-f2f-meeting-draws-crowd-gets-some-work-done\/\">meeting<\/a> held over a few days to work on requirements, code, and an implementation to be incubated under the auspices of the Linux Foundation.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Hyperledger_and_not_Ethereum\"><\/span>Why Hyperledger and not Ethereum?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>At the meetup, the question at hand was \u201cwhy?\u201d Why Fabric (OBC) and not, for example, the Ethereum implementation of blockchain, which has gained a lot of recent notice?<\/p>\n<p>An objection to Ethereum, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/renatco\/\">Renat Khasanshyn<\/a> (CEO at Altoros), is its establishment under the General Public License (GPL), which can restrict forkers of the original technology from protecting their unique work down the road.<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Hyperledger-What-is-Open-Blockchain.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13339\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Hyperledger-What-is-Open-Blockchain.png\" alt=\"Hyperledger What is Open Blockchain\" width=\"631\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13339\" \/><\/a><small>A high-level overview of OBC&#8217;s components<\/small><\/center><\/p>\n<p>OBC has been open-sourced, in contrast, by IBM on GitHub without GPL restrictions, which is attractive for a few reasons:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:6px;\">Its existence in this time of an increasing demand for permissioned networks. Some users and use cases require validating or non-validating nodes to be controlled or sometimes just sponsored by selecting whitelisted organizations.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:6px;\">Many network operators want transactors on network to obtain an identity from an issuing authority service on the network.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:6px;\">There is a need for private networks as well as public ones.<\/li>\n<li>Many network operators want to keep identity and patterns of behavior completely private, inaccessible for third parties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In a world of many networks, OBC\u2019s potential for performance and scalability are also attractive in these early days of blockchain development.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Hyperledger-World-of-Many-Networks.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13336\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Hyperledger-World-of-Many-Networks.png\" alt=\"Hyperledger World of Many Networks\" width=\"640\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13336\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>IBM&#8217;s OBC is not the only contribution to Hyperledger. Major contributions are also coming from Digital Asset Holdings (DAH) and Blockstream in the first incubation project being proposed through the Linux Foundation, which oversees the Hyperledger Project.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Hyperledger_Fabric_works\"><\/span>How Hyperledger Fabric works<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/author\/siarhei-matsiukevich\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Sergey Matykevich<\/a>, Senior Cloud Engineer at Altoros, then led attendees through a slide presentation that demonstrated with some code and graphics how to address the problems described above.<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/IBM-Hyperledger-Bottleneck-Step-1.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13393\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/IBM-Hyperledger-Bottleneck-Step-1.png\" alt=\"IBM Hyperledger-Bottleneck-Step-1\" width=\"640\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13393\" \/><\/a><\/center><\/p>\n<p>The process starts with creating two validation peers (VP1 and VP2).<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/IBM-Hyperledger-Bottleneck-Step-2.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13392\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/IBM-Hyperledger-Bottleneck-Step-2.png\" alt=\"IBM Hyperledger-Bottleneck-Step-2\" width=\"640\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13392\" \/><\/a><\/center><\/p>\n<p>After adding a third validation peer (VP3), Sergey moved on to deploying and distributing the application, then deploying the chaincode and executing a transaction.<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/IBM-Hyperledger-Bottleneck-Step-4.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13391\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/IBM-Hyperledger-Bottleneck-Step-4.png\" alt=\"IBM Hyperledger-Bottleneck-Step-4\" width=\"640\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13391\" \/><\/a><\/center><\/p>\n<p>According to the demo, the app and chaincode can be deployed by running these commands.<\/p>\n<pre>vagrant ssh\r\ncd $GOPATH\/src\/github.com\/openblockchain\/obc-peer\r\nexport OPENCHAIN_PEER_ADDRESS=172.17.0.2:30303\r\n.\/obc-peer chaincode deploy -p github.com\/openblockchain\/obc-\r\npeer\/examples\/chaincode\/go\/map -c '{\"Function\":\"init\", \"Args\": []}'<\/pre>\n<p>The following code is responsible for executing a transaction.<\/p>\n<pre>.\/obc-peer chaincode invoke -n <container-id> -c '{\"Function\":\"put\", \"Args\": [\"key1\", \"val1\"]}'\r\n\/obc-peer chaincode query -n <container-id> -c '{\"Function\":\"get\", \"Args\": [\"key1\"]}'<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Peer_discovery\"><\/span>Peer discovery<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Sergey outlined how peer discovery works:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>VP2 sends the <code style=\"color: #222222; background-color: #e6e6e6;\">DISC_HELLO<\/code> message to its root discovery node (VP1).<\/li>\n<li>VP1 replies.<\/li>\n<p><center><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/sergey-matykevich-technical-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/sergey-matykevich-technical-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric-1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-43859\" \/><\/a><small>Sergey Matykevich delivering an overview of Hyperledger Fabric<\/small><\/center><\/p>\n<li>Nodes start \u201cchatting\u201d\u2014periodically sending <code style=\"color: #222222; background-color: #e6e6e6;\">DISC_GET_PEERS<\/code> (asking to share active connections).<\/li>\n<li>Each node should reply with <code style=\"color: #222222; background-color: #e6e6e6;\">DISC_PEERS<\/code> (list of connections).<\/li>\n<li>After node receives new connections, it starts chatting with them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><center><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/IBM-Hyperledger-Bottleneck-Step-4-Again.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13389\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/IBM-Hyperledger-Bottleneck-Step-4-Again.png\" alt=\"IBM Hyperledger-Bottleneck-Step-4-Again\" width=\"640\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13389\" \/><\/a><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Details of the Hyperledger Project can be found <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hyperledger.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here<\/a>. There are also a <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/hyperledger\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GitHub repo<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/hyperledger\/hyperledger\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wiki<\/a>, and a <a href=\"https:\/\/hyperledgerproject.slack.com\/messages\/general\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Slack channel<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Want_details_Watch_the_video\"><\/span>Want details? Watch the video!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><center><script charset=\"ISO-8859-1\" src=\"\/\/fast.wistia.com\/assets\/external\/E-v1.js\" async><\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"wistia_embed wistia_async_q7xvm43tbk\" style=\"height:360px;width:640px\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<p><\/center><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n<small>These are the slides for the technical overview of OBC (Fabric) presented at the Hyperledger NYC meetup.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><center><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.slideshare.net\/slideshow\/embed_code\/key\/I8pCN4TZVA9Rui\" width=\"595\" height=\"485\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"border:1px solid #CCC; border-width:1px; margin-bottom:5px; max-width: 100%;\" allowfullscreen> <\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Further_reading\"><\/span>Further reading<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/hyperledger-technical-f2f-meeting-draws-crowd-gets-some-work-done\/\">Hyperledger Technical F2F Meeting Draws Crowd, Gets Some Work Done<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/digital-asset-contributes-an-enterprise-blockchain-server-to-hyperledger\/\">Digital Asset Contributes an Enterprise Blockchain Server to Hyperledger<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p><center><small>The post is written by Roger Strukhoff, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/author\/alex\/\">Alex Khizhniak<\/a>, and Sophia Turol.<\/small><\/center><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Open Blockchain: background<\/p>\n<p>Hyperledger is a secure, open-source, automated, peer-to-peer, blockchain-based ledger system with potential in dozens (perhaps hundreds) of use cases. It was launched under the governance of the Linux Foundation in December 2015. IBM\u2019s Open Blockchain (OBC) looks to be a key component of the project, according to presentations [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":13435,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[214],"tags":[672,753],"class_list":["post-13355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tutorials","tag-blockchain","tag-hyperledger"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Technical Introduction to Hyperledger Fabric | Altoros<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Why Hyperledger and not Ethereum? How to deploy an app and chaincode with Hyperledger Fabric? 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In this post, Sergey Matykevich of Altoros guides through Hyperledger Fabric (also known as Open Blockchain).\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/technical-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Altoros\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-04-12T06:29:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-06-01T02:10:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Open-Blockchain-Process-OBC-Hyperledger-Meetup-NYC.gif\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"360\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/gif\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Roger Strukhoff\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Roger Strukhoff\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/technical-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/technical-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric\/\",\"name\":\"Technical Introduction to Hyperledger Fabric | Altoros\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/technical-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/technical-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Open-Blockchain-Process-OBC-Hyperledger-Meetup-NYC.gif\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-04-12T06:29:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-06-01T02:10:56+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.altoros.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/56ea20d6f280f7a442e89e5884b06fd8\"},\"description\":\"How does peer discovery work in Hyperledger Fabric? 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