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First, one thing that affects all queries: The more complex permission system setup you have, the more overhead you get.

If you do not have any GRANT statements done, MySQL will optimise the permission checking somewhat. So if you have a very high volume it may be worth the time to avoid grants. Otherwise, more permission check results in a larger overhead.

If your problem is with some explicit MySQL function, you can always time this in the MySQL client:

mysql> SELECT BENCHMARK(1000000,1+1);
+------------------------+
| BENCHMARK(1000000,1+1) |
+------------------------+
| 0 |
+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.32 sec)

The above shows that MySQL can execute 1,000,000 + expressions in 0.32 seconds on a PentiumII 400MHz.

All MySQL functions should be very optimised, but there may be some exceptions, and the BENCHMARK(loop_count,expression) is a great tool to find out if this is a problem with your query.

EXPLAIN EXPLAIN Syntax (Get Information About a SELECT)

Estimating performance Estimating query performance

SELECT speed Speed of SELECT queries

Where optimisations How MySQL optimises WHERE clauses

DISTINCT optimisation How MySQL Optimises DISTINCT

LEFT JOIN optimisation How MySQL optimises LEFT JOIN

ORDER BY optimisation How MySQL Optimises ORDER BY

LIMIT optimisation How MySQL optimises LIMIT

Insert speed Speed of INSERT queries

Update speed Speed of UPDATE queries

Delete speed Speed of DELETE queries

Tips Other Optimisation Tips